Rare-earth magnets

The term ‘rare earth’ can be misleading as rare earth metals are relatively abundant in the Earth’s crust. However, they are rarely found in large, concentrated deposits, but dispersed among other elements instead. Rare earth magnets are the strongest permanent magnets available and have significantly higher performance than ferrite (ceramic) and alnico magnets. There are two types of rare earth magnet materials - Neodymium (Nd-Fe-B) and Samarium Cobalt (SmCo).Both materials come in different grades (strengths) and have different magnetic and physical properties.

Neodymium magnets, the stronger of the two, are composed of alloys primarily of neodymium, iron, and boron. These magnets tend to be brittle and are vulnerable to corrosion. Manufacturers typically nickel plate the material to protect it from oxidation.

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Composites

Magnetic composite materials have gained somewhat more attention in recent years with a bit more of that attention focused on the refinement of nanostructures, which show promise of offering properties superior to conventional materials. Composite magnetic materials are especially attractive to manufacturers of small motors and actuators for household and automotive use as well as to the audio, video, and computer industries.

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